2019—2021年我国部分地区PRRSV ORF5基因遗传变异分析

为了解2019—2022年我国南方地区猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）ORF5基因遗传变异情况,自广东、广西、湖南、江西4个省份的种猪场和育肥场,采集疑似PRRSV感染样品进行RT-PCR检测,并对部分阳性样品进行病毒分离培养和ORF5基因测序。结果显示：PRRSV总检出率为26.12%,其中育肥场场检出率（86.36%）高于种猪场（52.00%）;共成功分离到97株病毒并对其进行了ORF5测序分析,发现Sublineage 1.8占比最高（51.55%）,其次为Lineage 5(15.46%),Sublineage 1.5、Lineage 8、Lineage 3占比依次为13.40%、10.31%和9.28%;类NADC34毒株在2021年有3个省份（广东、广西和湖南）被首次检出,且当年检出率达13.40%。GP5蛋白分析结果显示,分离株中第13和151位氨基酸以及中和表位变异较多。对其中1株毒株进行重组分析发现,该毒株以类NADC30毒株为主要亲本,其多处基因组与JXA1和IA2014毒株发生了重组。结果表明：我国南方地区PRRSV流行较为普遍,尤其是在育肥猪群中;流行毒...     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

稳态风沙流沙粒起跳速度概率分布模型北大核心CSCD

颗粒起跳速度概率分布函数是泥沙输运和粉尘释放模型中的重要输入参数。然而,为了可靠描述这种分布函数,需要准确测量近地层风沙流内起跳颗粒的运动轨迹。本文使用高速摄影系统和颗粒轨迹检测算法相结合测量了风洞沙床面附近部分溅射颗粒、没有引起溅射的反弹颗粒以及引起1个溅射的反弹颗粒的轨迹,通过分析三种起跳模式对应的起跳速度概率分布构建稳态风沙流跃移颗粒起跳速度的概率分布模型。结果表明:(1)三种起跳模式的起跳角度和起跳速度均服从Lognormal概率分布。(2)所有起跳颗粒的起跳角度概率分布方程几乎不受起跳模式影响。(3)所有起跳颗粒的起跳速度概率分布方程主要受溅射颗粒数与反弹颗粒数比值的控制,预示着风沙流发育过程或湍流波动将会对起跳速度概率分布函数产生重要影响。因此,我们的研究结果提供了关于近床面风沙跃移过程的新认识,并对模拟风沙输运中的粒-床相互作用和地貌动力学模型具有重要意义。     

天然彩色茧资源的综合利用

本文系统介绍了天然彩色茧资源的基本概况和综合利用前景,天然彩色茧新品种的培育,以及其独特的吸放湿性、通气性、保暖性、紫外线吸收能力、高色素含量、抗菌性、抗氧化性等优良特性,指出开发和综合利用天然彩色茧资源,具有良好的经济和社会效益,其产品具有独特的市场竞争力。     

近红外光谱检测猪血浆蛋白粉影响因素的探究

近红外光谱检测方法具有快速、准确的优点。为建立猪血浆蛋白粉快速准确的实时检测方法,文章主要探究了样品杯漏光度、样品结块、松紧度、水分等因素对近红外光谱检测猪血浆粉结果的影响。结果显示,样品结块、样品压紧及样品杯漏光会使近红外光谱扫描蛋白值结果降低;水分总体上会影响蛋白含量扫描值,水分降低会导致蛋白含量扫描值偏高。     

斑马水塔花的组织培养和快速繁殖

试验筛选出斑马水塔花的诱导愈伤组织培养基MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，愈伤组织诱导率达96.7%；继代增殖培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1，增殖倍数达8～9倍；生根培养基MS+KT 0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg·L-1，生根率达100%。幼苗经炼苗后，移栽到经菌肥处理的甘蔗渣∶泥炭土∶珍珠岩＝6∶3∶1的基质上，成活率达95%以上。     

整地方式对油松幼林生长影响及水保效益研究初报

对不同整地方式的水土保持作用和油松幼林生长效果的观测研究表明:不同整地的水保能力以窄条梯田最大,其次是水平阶,鱼鳞坑最小,平均每年每平方公里的侵蚀模数分剐为51.8T、53.89T、57.3T、64.6T;径数模数分别为1.69×10~4m~3、1.75×10~4m~3、2.05×10~4m~3、2.54×10~4m~3。油松造林成活率、地径和高生长,以鱼鳞坑为最好,且三种整地方式均比不整地的好。单位面积投工量以窄条梯田最多,分别比水平阶、鱼鳞坑多45%、76%。不同整地方式及荒草地土壤含水量全年平均值差别不大,较荒草地有所提高,但四五月份含水量低于荒草土。     

云南景谷地区松脂研究的现状与对策

云南省景谷地区具有丰富的思茅松资源，盛产松脂，为此开展了高产脂种源培育等试验研究，对松树进行多种采脂方法的研究，调查各种采脂方法的实用性，并不断开发新的采脂方法。     

红松幼苗的年生长周期

目前红松人工林有些生长比较缓慢,或出现再生长、红梢、早期开花结实和分杈等现象,急待解决。所有这些问题无不和红松顶芽的生长、分化有关。当环境发生变化,改变了红松原有的生长节律,至而产生上述一系列问题。因此研究红松树木的年生长周期是解决这些问题的基础工作。就此,我们于1963-1965年做了一些实验,现将资料整理如下。     

采石、取土场植被恢复技术

改革开放20多年来，广东的经济取得了高速发展，城乡变化日新月异。但大规模的城乡建设和交通建设遗留了大量废弃的采石场、取土场。这些采石取土场是新生的严重水土流失区，而且多数分布在城镇周边和交通干线沿途，生态景观危害严重：因此，废弃采石取土场的生态复绿整治问题得到各级政府的高度重视。2001年，广州市政府已强制关闭了八区全部71个采石场。